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光子学是下一个"卡脖子"——AXT 和 InP 衬底的超级周期赌注

HBM/NAND 超级周期之后,光互连/CPO 是确定性最高的下一棒,而 InP 衬底供应链的物理瓶颈指向 $AXTI。

2026-02-04 原文链接 ↗
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核心观点

  • 光子学不是概念炒作,是物理必然 HBM 之后算力瓶颈转移到互连带宽,光子学/CPO 是唯一能扛住超大规模云厂商需求曲线的技术路径,LightCounting 预测需求三倍上调不是噪音
  • $AXTI 是材料端的"卡脖子" 从 InP 衬底到前驱体,AXT 卡住了整条西方光子学供应链的咽喉;住友/JX 等日本供应商的上游前驱体原本来自中国,出口管制后库存可能只撑一年
  • 中国出口管制是双刃剑但利好 AXT 短期行政审批延迟压收入确认,但中长期竞争对手住友受伤更重,AXT 的战略地位反而强化
  • 2026H2 可能是供应短缺拐点 超大规模云厂商为 2028 放量提前锁库存,叠加 NVDA 已锁定 EML 产能,供需缺口在 2026 下半年大概率显现
  • 风险在于"太早" 作者自己也承认论点可能为时过早,但新数据和新架构让他从短线交易改为长期持有

跟我们的关联

1. AI 基础设施投资从算力转向互连 意味着关注 AI infra 不能只盯 GPU,光互连/CPO 供应链(InP、EML、CW 激光器)是下一个 alpha 来源。接下来:建一个光子学供应链的 watchlist,跟踪 LightCounting 季度预测 2. 地缘博弈正在重塑半导体材料定价权 中国出口管制→日本中间商库存消耗→西方被迫依赖 AXT 或回流。接下来:关注中国对 InP 前驱体的下一步管制动作,这是判断 AXT 时间线的关键变量 3. "物理瓶颈"投资逻辑可复用 找到技术路径上不可替代的材料/工艺节点,比押注终端产品更有确定性。接下来:用同样的框架扫描其他 AI infra 供应链的物理瓶颈

讨论引子

  • 如果 SiPh(硅光子)技术进步比预期快,InP 的"不可替代性"会被多快侵蚀?AXT 的护城河到底有多深?
  • 中国会不会直接对 AXT 出手(比如限制其中国工厂运营),把"双刃剑"变成"单刃刀"?
  • 对于非专业投资者,光子学供应链的投资窗口是现在就进场,还是等 2026H2 供需信号确认后再动?

Serenity(@aleabitoreddit):我做多 $AXTI——HBM/NAND 超级周期之后,是光子学/CPO/光互连

我做多 $AXTI 的股票。

今天我们正处在由 $SNDK、$MU、Sk Hynix 和 Samsung 推动的 HBM/NAND 超级周期之中。

在极端需求驱动下,价格不断上调。

下一个?-> 光子学 | CPO | 光互连。

需求放量的规模看起来呈抛物线式上升。(Lightcounting)

我关于 AXT 的论点是:从 InP 衬底到前驱体供应链,他们是材料端的瓶颈。而在过去几个月里,LightCounting 的预测把需求预期提高到了三倍。

这是一道物理/材料问题。

未来,西方供应链可以通过 SiPh 或 $POET 中介层等工程手段,减少 InP 衬底/原料的使用量。但超大规模云厂商绕不开这一点。

目前,像 $LITE、$COHR、$AVGO 等中游瓶颈厂商,以及其他公司,依赖住友 | JX(日本)等西方供应链。

但这些公司所依赖的许多前驱体原本来自中国。中国最新一轮出口管制之后,日本公司虽然还有一些生产,但如果没有上游原始前驱体,他们很可能在消耗库存(也许 1 年;没有公开信息)。

然而,随着超大规模云厂商需求爬坡,库存会被消耗殆尽,供应链的控制权将更多落到 $AXTI 手里。

我们已经看到 $NVDA 锁定了 EML 产能(其使用 InP)。CPO 的连续波(CW)激光器、SOA,以及其他组件同样使用 InP。

所谓“短缺”的瓶颈,就是 $AXTI 卡住的那些 InP 晶圆产线。

从这些预测来看,我预计超大规模云厂商会在 2026 年开始为 2028 年的放量提前锁定库存,从而在 2026 年下半年(H2 2026)出现供应短缺。

$AXTI 的主要问题是出口管制 + 60D 的行政审批延迟。中国很可能在 $AXTI 上出牌,试图迫使美国的超大规模云厂商相较日本而言,更依赖中国的供应链。

这把双刃剑在他们财报前的预披露中已经显现:由于收入确认延后而受到影响。但这些出口管制对其竞争对手住友的打击最大。

即便我们看不到上游每月 100% 的涨价,基准情景也仍是:InP 衬底与前驱体需求放量,从而改善 AXT 的最终(bottom line)业绩表现。

AXT 仍是我对 2027 年 -> 往后即将到来的超大规模光子学放量最看多的材料“卡脖子”标的。

此前,为了风险管理,我原以为这只会是一个持续几个月的短线交易;但在看到涉及光子学的新数据与新架构之后,我认为未来 $AXTI 很可能会成为 AI 基础设施建设中的关键参与者。

我的论点可能还为时过早;又或许,这很可能正是拐点。

相关笔记

I'm long shares on $AXTI.

我做多 $AXTI 的股票。

We're seeing the HBM/NAND supercycle with $SNDK, $MU, Sk Hynix, and Samsung today.

今天我们正处在由 $SNDK、$MU、Sk Hynix 和 Samsung 推动的 HBM/NAND 超级周期之中。

With constant price hikes due to extreme demand.

在极端需求驱动下,价格不断上调。

The next? -> Photonics | CPO | Optical Interconnects.

下一个?-> 光子学 | CPO | 光互连。

Demand scale up looks parabolic. (Lightcounting)

需求放量的规模看起来呈抛物线式上升。(Lightcounting)

My thesis was on on AXT was that they're the material bottleneck from InP Substrates to the precursor supply chain. And LightCounting's projections tripled the demand forecast in the past few months.

我关于 AXT 的论点是:从 InP 衬底到前驱体供应链,他们是材料端的瓶颈。而在过去几个月里,LightCounting 的预测把需求预期提高到了三倍。

This is a physics/material problem.

这是一道物理/材料问题。

In the future, Western supply chains can engineer away less InP substrates/feedstock usage with SiPh or $POET interposers. But hyperscalers can't get around it.

未来,西方供应链可以通过 SiPh 或 $POET 中介层等工程手段,减少 InP 衬底/原料的使用量。但超大规模云厂商绕不开这一点。

Currently, midstream bottlenecks like $LITE, $COHR, $AVGO, and others rely on Western supply chains like Sumitomo | JX (Japan).

目前,像 $LITE、$COHR、$AVGO 等中游瓶颈厂商,以及其他公司,依赖住友 | JX(日本)等西方供应链。

But many precursors that companies these companies originated from China. After China's most recent export controls, the Japanese companies have some production, but without raw precursors, they are likely using inventory (maybe 1 year, there is no public information).

但这些公司所依赖的许多前驱体原本来自中国。中国最新一轮出口管制之后,日本公司虽然还有一些生产,但如果没有上游原始前驱体,他们很可能在消耗库存(也许 1 年;没有公开信息)。

But as hyperscaler demand ramps up, the inventory will disappear, leaving more control of the supply chain to $AXTI.

然而,随着超大规模云厂商需求爬坡,库存会被消耗殆尽,供应链的控制权将更多落到 $AXTI 手里。

We've already see $NVDA secure EML capacity (which uses InP). CPO CW lasers, SOA, and other components also use InP.

我们已经看到 $NVDA 锁定了 EML 产能(其使用 InP)。CPO 的连续波(CW)激光器、SOA,以及其他组件同样使用 InP。

The "shortage" bottleneck is the same InP wafer lines that $AXTI chokepoints.

所谓“短缺”的瓶颈,就是 $AXTI 卡住的那些 InP 晶圆产线。

Judging from the projections, I expect hyperscalers to start securing inventory for the 2028 ramp in 2026, leading to supply shortages H2 2026.

从这些预测来看,我预计超大规模云厂商会在 2026 年开始为 2028 年的放量提前锁定库存,从而在 2026 年下半年(H2 2026)出现供应短缺。

$AXTI's main issue is export controls + 60D administrative delays. China is likely playing their hand with $AXTI to force American hyperscalers to become dependent on their supply chain over Japan.

$AXTI 的主要问题是出口管制 + 60D 的行政审批延迟。中国很可能在 $AXTI 上出牌,试图迫使美国的超大规模云厂商相较日本而言,更依赖中国的供应链。

This has been a double edged sword as seen with their pre-earnings release with delayed revenue recognition. But these export controls hurt their competitors in Sumitomo the most.

这把双刃剑在他们财报前的预披露中已经显现:由于收入确认延后而受到影响。但这些出口管制对其竞争对手住友的打击最大。

Even if we don't see 100% monthly price hikes upstream, the base-case is ramped up demand for InP substrates and precursors increasing AXT's bottom line revenue.

即便我们看不到上游每月 100% 的涨价,基准情景也仍是:InP 衬底与前驱体需求放量,从而改善 AXT 的最终(bottom line)业绩表现。

AXT remains my most bullish material chokepoint play for the impending hyperscale photonics ramp in 2027 -> onward.

AXT 仍是我对 2027 年 -> 往后即将到来的超大规模光子学放量最看多的材料“卡脖子”标的。

Before I expected this to be a short few month play for risk management, but after looking new data and architectures involving photonics, I think $AXTI will likely be a critical player for the AI buildout moving forward.

此前,为了风险管理,我原以为这只会是一个持续几个月的短线交易;但在看到涉及光子学的新数据与新架构之后,我认为未来 $AXTI 很可能会成为 AI 基础设施建设中的关键参与者。

My thesis might be early, or perhaps this may very well be the inflection point.

我的论点可能还为时过早;又或许,这很可能正是拐点。

相关笔记

Serenity (@aleabitoreddit): I'm long shares on $AXTI. We're seeing the HBM/NAND supercycle with $SNDK, $MU,

  • Source: https://x.com/aleabitoreddit/status/2018559372033708259?s=46
  • Mirror: https://x.com/aleabitoreddit/status/2018559372033708259?s=46
  • Published: 2026-02-03T05:37:11+00:00
  • Saved: 2026-02-04

Content

I'm long shares on $AXTI.

We're seeing the HBM/NAND supercycle with $SNDK, $MU, Sk Hynix, and Samsung today.

With constant price hikes due to extreme demand.

The next? -> Photonics | CPO | Optical Interconnects.

Demand scale up looks parabolic. (Lightcounting)

My thesis was on on AXT was that they're the material bottleneck from InP Substrates to the precursor supply chain. And LightCounting's projections tripled the demand forecast in the past few months.

This is a physics/material problem.

In the future, Western supply chains can engineer away less InP substrates/feedstock usage with SiPh or $POET interposers. But hyperscalers can't get around it.

Currently, midstream bottlenecks like $LITE, $COHR, $AVGO, and others rely on Western supply chains like Sumitomo | JX (Japan).

But many precursors that companies these companies originated from China. After China's most recent export controls, the Japanese companies have some production, but without raw precursors, they are likely using inventory (maybe 1 year, there is no public information).

But as hyperscaler demand ramps up, the inventory will disappear, leaving more control of the supply chain to $AXTI.

We've already see $NVDA secure EML capacity (which uses InP). CPO CW lasers, SOA, and other components also use InP.

The "shortage" bottleneck is the same InP wafer lines that $AXTI chokepoints.

Judging from the projections, I expect hyperscalers to start securing inventory for the 2028 ramp in 2026, leading to supply shortages H2 2026.

$AXTI's main issue is export controls + 60D administrative delays. China is likely playing their hand with $AXTI to force American hyperscalers to become dependent on their supply chain over Japan.

This has been a double edged sword as seen with their pre-earnings release with delayed revenue recognition. But these export controls hurt their competitors in Sumitomo the most.

Even if we don't see 100% monthly price hikes upstream, the base-case is ramped up demand for InP substrates and precursors increasing AXT's bottom line revenue.

AXT remains my most bullish material chokepoint play for the impending hyperscale photonics ramp in 2027 -> onward.

Before I expected this to be a short few month play for risk management, but after looking new data and architectures involving photonics, I think $AXTI will likely be a critical player for the AI buildout moving forward.

My thesis might be early, or perhaps this may very well be the inflection point.

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